The gospel group the Birmingham Sunlights also presents two religious songs in doo-wop style, "If you missed me from singing" (at time code 5:00), and "We're going to move in the room of the Lord" (at time code 00:20:50), in the video of their concert at the Library of Congress in 2005. Texas Rhythm and blues singer and song writer Barbara Lynn performs at the Library of Congress, November 18, 2009. All of these styles were significant to the development of rock and roll a few years later. The term "doo-wop" is well known now, but it was not applied to these groups until much later, and it refers to the vocables and nonsense syllables these group sang to compensate for their lack of instruments.
They took their inspiration from both gospel singers and successful African American pop stylists such as the Ink Spots. In major cities, teenaged vocal groups with little or no instrumental accompaniment were a growing presence. Their vocalists often sang in an uninhibited and emotionally direct style. The African American styles that emerged in those years were often played by small groups that emphasized rhythmic drive over the instrumental and harmonic complexity of the swing orchestras. Historically speaking, though, "rhythm and blues" as we understand it today most often describes a style of music that developed after World War II that combines elements of pop, gospel, blues and jazz with a strong back beat. The meaning of the term continued to change over time, and today it is still used as an umbrella term for many different African-American musical forms. This Gospel group from Alabama sing in several musical styles, including doo-wop, in this presentation at the Library of Congress in 2005. The Texas Rhythm and blues singer and song writer in performance at the Library of Congress, November 18, 2009. Recordings from Library of Congress collections All of these styles influenced the development of what is called rhythm and blues today. Early on the term "rhythm and blues" was used for boogie woogie, African American swing, jazz, and blues.
The migration also created new markets for these styles of music. The migration of African Americans to urban centers in the Northeast and Midwest during the early twentieth century helped to bring various regional styles of African American music together to influence one another. The term first appeared in commercial recording in 1948, when RCA Victor records began using "blues and rhythm" music as a descriptor for African American secular songs. The term "rhythm and blues," often called "R&B," originated in the 1940s when it replaced "race music" as a general marketing term for all African American music, though it usually referred only to secular, not religious music.
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